Serum AMH levels in women with a history of preeclampsia suggest a role for vascular factors in ovarian aging.

Context: The association between early menopause and vascular disease as a possible causative factor has recently received attention. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with future cardiovascular risk factors, and this premature vascular aging potentially modifies the ovarian aging process.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether women with a history of PE have lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels than women with normotensive pregnancies.
Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.
Setting: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral center.
Patients: Clinical data and blood samples of participants in the Preeclampsia Risk EValuation in FEMales study were used (336 women with a history of PE and 329 women after a normotensive pregnancy).
Interventions: There were no interventions.
Main Outcome Measures: The relative decrease in AMH levels was assessed after a median follow-up of 10.5 years.
Results: The mean AMH level was 2.00 ± 1.87 μg/L in the PE group compared with 2.26 ± 2.56 μg/L in the reference group. Linear regression analysis with censoring for undetectable AMH levels, adjusted for age, smoking, and hormonal contraceptive use, showed a relative reduction in AMH levels of 20.9% at any age (fold change 0.79, 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94).
Conclusions: We demonstrate that women with a history of PE have significantly lower AMH levels than women with normotensive pregnancies. Calculations based on a reference population indicate advancement of reproductive age of approximately 1.5 years. Because PE is considered a manifestation of impaired vascular health, these results support the hypothesis that compromised vascular health could act as a causative mechanism in early ovarian aging.