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Obesity-associated Gingival Vascular Inflammation and Insulin Resistance.
- Source :
-
Journal of dental research [J Dent Res] 2014 Jun; Vol. 93 (6), pp. 596-601. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Apr 17. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Obesity is a risk factor for periodontitis, but the pathogenic mechanism involved is unclear. We studied the effects of insulin in periodontal tissues during the state of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Gingival samples were collected from fatty (ZF) and lean (ZL, control) Zucker rats. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was decreased, and activities of protein kinase C (PKC) α, ß2, δ, and ϵ isoforms were significantly increased in the gingiva from ZF rats compared with those from ZL rats. Expression of oxidative stress markers (mRNA) and the p65 subunit of NF-κB was significantly increased in ZF rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NF-κB activation was also increased in the gingival endothelial cells from transgenic mice overexpressing NF-κB-dependent enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) and on a high-fat vs. normal chow diet. Analysis of the gingiva showed that insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, and eNOS was significantly decreased in ZF rats, but Erk1/2 activation was not affected. General PKC inhibitor and an anti-oxidant normalized the action of insulin on Akt and eNOS activation in the gingiva from ZF rats. This provided the first documentation of obesity-induced insulin resistance in the gingiva. Analysis of our data suggested that PKC activation and oxidative stress may selectively inhibit insulin-induced Akt and eNOS activation, causing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.<br /> (© International & American Associations for Dental Research.)
- Subjects :
- Alveolar Bone Loss etiology
Alveolar Bone Loss metabolism
Animals
Endothelial Cells chemistry
Endothelium, Vascular chemistry
Gingivitis metabolism
Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins analysis
Male
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III analysis
Oncogene Protein v-akt analysis
Oxidative Stress physiology
Protein Kinase C beta analysis
Protein Kinase C-alpha analysis
Protein Kinase C-delta analysis
Protein Kinase C-epsilon analysis
Rats
Rats, Zucker
Transcription Factor RelA analysis
Vasculitis metabolism
Gingivitis etiology
Insulin Resistance physiology
Obesity complications
Vasculitis etiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1544-0591
- Volume :
- 93
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of dental research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24744283
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514532102