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Nanopesticides: guiding principles for regulatory evaluation of environmental risks.
- Source :
-
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry [J Agric Food Chem] 2014 May 14; Vol. 62 (19), pp. 4227-40. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Apr 30. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Nanopesticides or nano plant protection products represent an emerging technological development that, in relation to pesticide use, could offer a range of benefits including increased efficacy, durability, and a reduction in the amounts of active ingredients that need to be used. A number of formulation types have been suggested including emulsions (e.g., nanoemulsions), nanocapsules (e.g., with polymers), and products containing pristine engineered nanoparticles, such as metals, metal oxides, and nanoclays. The increasing interest in the use of nanopesticides raises questions as to how to assess the environmental risk of these materials for regulatory purposes. Here, the current approaches for environmental risk assessment of pesticides are reviewed and the question of whether these approaches are fit for purpose for use on nanopesticides is addressed. Potential adaptations to existing environmental risk assessment tests and procedures for use with nanopesticides are discussed, addressing aspects such as analysis and characterization, environmental fate and exposure assessment, uptake by biota, ecotoxicity, and risk assessment of nanopesticides in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Throughout, the main focus is on assessing whether the presence of the nanoformulation introduces potential differences relative to the conventional active ingredients. The proposed changes in the test methodology, research priorities, and recommendations would facilitate the development of regulatory approaches and a regulatory framework for nanopesticides.
- Subjects :
- Environmental Monitoring standards
Environmental Pollutants toxicity
Guidelines as Topic
Nanoparticles analysis
Nanoparticles toxicity
Pesticides toxicity
Risk Assessment standards
Environmental Monitoring methods
Environmental Pollutants analysis
Pesticides analysis
Risk Assessment methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-5118
- Volume :
- 62
- Issue :
- 19
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24754346
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jf500232f