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Enhancement of Apoptosis by Titanium Alloy Internal Fixations during Microwave Treatments for Fractures: An Animal Study.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2015 Jul 01; Vol. 10 (7), pp. e0132046. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jul 01 (Print Publication: 2015). - Publication Year :
- 2015
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Abstract
- Objective: Microwaves are used in one method of physical therapy and can increase muscle tissue temperature which is useful for improving muscle, tendon and bone injuries. In the study, we sought to determine whether titanium alloy internal fixations influence apoptosis in tissues subjected to microwave treatments at 2,450 MHz and 40 W during the healing of fractures because this issue is not yet fully understood.<br />Methods: In this study, titanium alloy internal fixations were used to treat 3.0-mm transverse osteotomies in the middle of New Zealand rabbits' femurs. After the operation, 30-day microwave treatments were applied to the 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies 3 days after the operation. The changes in the temperatures of the muscle tissues in front of the implants or the 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies were measured during the microwave treatments. To characterize the effects of titanium alloy internal fixations on apoptosis in the muscles after microwave treatment, we performed TUNEL assays, fluorescent real-time (quantitative) PCR, western blotting analyses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and transmission electron microscopy examinations.<br />Results: The temperatures were markedly increased in the animals with the titanium alloy implants. Apoptosis in the muscle cells of the implanted group was significantly more extensive than that in the non-implanted control group at different time points. Transmission electron microscopy examinations of the skeletal muscles of the implanted groups revealed muscular mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization. ROS, Bax and Hsp70 were up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the implanted group.<br />Conclusion: Our results suggest that titanium alloy internal fixations caused greater muscular tissue cell apoptosis following 2,450 MHz, 40 W microwave treatments in this rabbit femur fracture models.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Body Temperature
Diathermy methods
Femur pathology
Gene Expression Profiling
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins biosynthesis
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins genetics
Hot Temperature adverse effects
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
Male
Microwaves therapeutic use
Muscle Proteins biosynthesis
Muscle Proteins genetics
Muscle, Skeletal pathology
Osteotomy
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 biosynthesis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics
Rabbits
Reactive Oxygen Species analysis
bcl-2-Associated X Protein biosynthesis
bcl-2-Associated X Protein genetics
Alloys radiation effects
Diathermy adverse effects
Femur injuries
Fracture Fixation, Internal instrumentation
Fracture Healing radiation effects
Internal Fixators adverse effects
Microwaves adverse effects
Mitochondria, Muscle pathology
Titanium radiation effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26132082
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132046