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Nasopharyngeal carriage and macrolide resistance in Indigenous children with bronchiectasis randomized to long-term azithromycin or placebo.
- Source :
-
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology [Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis] 2015 Nov; Vol. 34 (11), pp. 2275-85. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Sep 12. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Although long-term azithromycin decreases exacerbation frequency in bronchiectasis, increased macrolide resistance is concerning. We investigated macrolide resistance determinants in a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Indigenous Australian children living in remote regions and urban New Zealand Māori and Pacific Islander children with bronchiectasis were randomized to weekly azithromycin (30 mg/kg) or placebo for up to 24 months and followed post-intervention for up to 12 months. Nurses administered and recorded medications given and collected nasopharyngeal swabs 3-6 monthly for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was significantly lower in azithromycin compared to placebo groups, while macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus carriage was significantly higher. Australian children, compared to New Zealand children, had higher carriage overall, significantly higher carriage of macrolide-resistant bacteria at baseline (16/38 versus 2/40 children) and during the intervention (69/152 versus 22/239 swabs), and lower mean adherence to study medication (63 % versus 92 %). Adherence ≥70 % (versus <70 %) in the Australian azithromycin group was associated with lower carriage of any pathogen [odds ratio (OR) 0.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.53] and fewer macrolide-resistant pathogens (OR 0.34, 95 % CI 0.14-0.81). Post-intervention (median 6 months), macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae declined significantly in the azithromycin group, from 79 % (11/14) to 7 % (1/14) of positive swabs, but S. aureus strains remained 100 % macrolide resistant. Azithromycin treatment, the Australian remote setting, and adherence <70 % were significant independent determinants of macrolide resistance in children with bronchiectasis. Adherence to treatment may limit macrolide resistance by suppressing carriage.
- Subjects :
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use
Australia
Bacteria isolation & purification
Bacterial Infections drug therapy
Bronchiectasis complications
Carrier State microbiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
Infant
Macrolides therapeutic use
Male
New Zealand
Pacific Islands
Placebos administration & dosage
Population Groups
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
Azithromycin therapeutic use
Bacteria drug effects
Bacterial Infections microbiology
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Macrolides pharmacology
Nasopharynx microbiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1435-4373
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26363637
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2480-0