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Triazole Susceptibilities in Thermotolerant Fungal Isolates from Outdoor Air in the Seoul Capital Area in South Korea.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2015 Sep 25; Vol. 10 (9), pp. e0138725. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Sep 25 (Print Publication: 2015). - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Emerging fungi resistant to triazoles are a concern because of the increased use of medical triazoles and exposure to agricultural triazoles. However, little is known about the levels of triazole susceptibility in outdoor airborne fungi making it difficult to assess the risks of inhalation exposure to airborne, antifungal-resistant fungi. This study examined triazole susceptibilities of the airborne thermotolerant fungi isolated from the ambient air of the Seoul Capital Area of South Korea. We used impactor air sampling with triazole-containing nutrient agar plates as the collection substrates to screen for airborne fungal isolates based on their triazole susceptibilities. This study estimated that 0.17% of all the culturable fungi belong to the pathogenic thermotolerant taxa, among which each isolate of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL or greater for itraconazole. Their concentration in air was 0.4 CFU/m3. Seven human pathogenic Paecilomyces variotii isolates had MICs of 32 μg/mL or greater and lower than 2 μg/mL for the agricultural fungicide tebuconazole and the medical triazole itraconazole, respectively. Though the concentration was low, our results confirm the presence of airborne fungi with high MICs for itraconazole in ambient air. Inhalation is an important exposure route because people inhale more than 10 m3 of air each day. Vigilance is preferred over monitoring for the emergence of triazole-resistant fungal pathogens in ambient outdoor air.
- Subjects :
- Air Microbiology
Aspergillus classification
Aspergillus drug effects
Aspergillus genetics
Aspergillus isolation & purification
DNA, Fungal analysis
Drug Resistance, Fungal
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mitosporic Fungi genetics
Mitosporic Fungi isolation & purification
Paecilomyces classification
Paecilomyces drug effects
Paecilomyces genetics
Paecilomyces isolation & purification
Republic of Korea
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Antifungal Agents pharmacology
Itraconazole pharmacology
Mitosporic Fungi classification
Mitosporic Fungi drug effects
Triazoles pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26405807
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138725