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Programmed Cell Death in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Worker Brain Induced by Imidacloprid.
- Source :
-
Journal of economic entomology [J Econ Entomol] 2015 Aug; Vol. 108 (4), pp. 1486-94. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jun 06. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Honey bees are at an unavoidable risk of exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides, which are used worldwide. Compared with the well-studied roles of these pesticides in nontarget site (including midgut, ovary, or salivary glands), little has been reported in the target sites, the brain. In the current study, laboratory-reared adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were treated with sublethal doses of imidacloprid. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL technique for DNA labeling. We observed significantly increased apoptotic markers in dose- and time-dependent manners in brains of bees exposed to imidacloprid. Neuronal activated caspase-3 and mRNA levels of caspase-1, as detected by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively, were significantly increased, suggesting that sublethal doses of imidacloprid may induce the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Additionally, the overlap of apoptosis and autophagy in neurons was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. It further suggests that a relationship exists between neurotoxicity and behavioral changes induced by sublethal doses of imidacloprid, and that there is a need to determine reasonable limits for imidacloprid application in the field to protect pollinators.<br /> (© The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Autophagy
Bees physiology
Bees ultrastructure
Brain drug effects
Brain physiology
Brain ultrastructure
Caspase 1 genetics
Caspase 1 metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
Insect Proteins genetics
Insect Proteins metabolism
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Neonicotinoids
Neurons drug effects
Neurons physiology
Neurons ultrastructure
RNA, Messenger genetics
RNA, Messenger metabolism
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Apoptosis drug effects
Bees drug effects
Imidazoles toxicity
Insecticides toxicity
Nitro Compounds toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0022-0493
- Volume :
- 108
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of economic entomology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26470287
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov146