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Complexity and Controversies over the Cytokine Profiles of T Helper Cell Subpopulations in Tuberculosis.
- Source :
-
Journal of immunology research [J Immunol Res] 2015; Vol. 2015, pp. 639107. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Oct 01. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the TB-causing bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is considered a public health problem with enormous social impact. Disease progression is determined mainly by the balance between the microorganism and the host defense systems. Although the immune system controls the infection, this control does not necessarily lead to sterilization. Over recent decades, the patterns of CD4+ T cell responses have been studied with a goal of complete understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in the maintenance of latent or active tuberculosis infection and of the clinical cure after treatment. Conflicting results have been suggested over the years, particularly in studies comparing experimental models and human disease. In recent years, in addition to Th1, Th2, and Th17 profiles, new standards of cellular immune responses, such as Th9, Th22, and IFN-γ-IL-10 double-producing Th cells, discussed here, have also been described. Additionally, many new roles and cellular sources have been described for IL-10, demonstrating a critical role for this cytokine as regulatory, rather than merely pathogenic cytokine, involved in the establishment of chronic latent infection, in the clinical cure after treatment and in keeping antibacillary effector mechanisms active to prevent immune-mediated damage.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Humans
Immunity
Interleukin-10 metabolism
Signal Transduction
T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets metabolism
Tuberculosis microbiology
Tuberculosis pathology
Cytokines metabolism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer metabolism
Tuberculosis immunology
Tuberculosis metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2314-7156
- Volume :
- 2015
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of immunology research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26495323
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/639107