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Quantification and regulation of the adipokines resistin and progranulin in human cerebrospinal fluid.
- Source :
-
European journal of clinical investigation [Eur J Clin Invest] 2016 Jan; Vol. 46 (1), pp. 15-26. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Dec 01. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Background: Adipokines bearing the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are promising candidates for the endocrine regulation of central nervous processes and of a postulated fat-brain axis. Resistin and progranulin concentrations in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients undergoing neurological evaluation and spinal puncture were investigated.<br />Materials and Methods: Samples of n = 270 consecutive patients with various neurological diseases were collected without prior selection. Adipokine serum and CSF concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum and CSF routine parameters by standard procedures. Anthropometric data, medication and patient history were available.<br />Results: Serum levels of resistin and progranulin were positively correlated among each other, with respective CSF levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and markers of systemic inflammation. CSF resistin concentrations were generally low. Progranulin CSF concentrations and CSF/serum progranulin ratio were significantly higher in patients with infectious diseases, with disturbed BBB function and with elevated CSF cell count and presence of oligoclonal bands. Both adipokines are able to cross the BBB depending on a differing patency that increases with increasing grade of barrier dysfunction. Whereas resistin represents a systemic marker of inflammation, CSF progranulin levels strongly depend on the underlying disease and dysfunction of blood-CSF barrier.<br />Conclusions: Resistin and progranulin represent novel and putative regulators of the fat-brain axis by their ability to cross the BBB under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The presented data provide insight into the characteristics of BBB function regarding progranulin and resistin and the basis for future establishment of normal values for CSF concentrations and CSF/serum ratios.<br /> (© 2015 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.)
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism
Body Mass Index
Cell Count
Cholesterol blood
Cholesterol, HDL blood
Cholesterol, LDL blood
Cohort Studies
Cranial Nerve Diseases cerebrospinal fluid
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Epilepsy cerebrospinal fluid
Facial Pain cerebrospinal fluid
Female
Headache cerebrospinal fluid
Humans
Inflammation
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins blood
Male
Middle Aged
Progranulins
Resistin blood
Triglycerides blood
Central Nervous System Infections cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrovascular Disorders cerebrospinal fluid
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins cerebrospinal fluid
Multiple Sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid
Resistin cerebrospinal fluid
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1365-2362
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of clinical investigation
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26509463
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12558