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Dietary Intake according to Gender and Education: A Twenty-Year Trend in a Swiss Adult Population.
- Source :
-
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2015 Nov 18; Vol. 7 (11), pp. 9558-72. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Nov 18. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- We assessed trends in dietary intake according to gender and education using repeated cross-sectional, population-based surveys conducted between 1993 and 2012 in Geneva, Switzerland (17,263 participants, 52.0 ± 10.6 years, 48% male). In 1993-1999, higher educated men had higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), carotene and vitamin D intakes than lower educated men, and the differences decreased in 2006-2012. In 1993-1999, higher educated women had higher fiber, iron, carotene, vitamin D and alcohol intakes than lower educated women, and the differences decreased in 2006-2012. Total energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, retinol and alcohol intakes decreased, while mono/disaccharides, MUFA and carotene intake increased in both genders. Lower educated men had stronger decreases in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and calcium intakes than higher educated men: multivariate-adjusted slope and 95% confidence interval -0.11 (-0.15; -0.06) vs. -0.03 (-0.08; 0.02) g/day/year for SFA and -5.2 (-7.8; -2.7) vs. -1.03 (-3.8; 1.8) mg/day/year for calcium, p for interaction <0.05. Higher educated women had a greater decrease in iron intake than lower educated women: -0.03 (-0.04; -0.02) vs. -0.01 (-0.02; 0.00) mg/day/year, p for interaction = 0.002. We conclude that, in Switzerland, dietary intake evolved similarly between 1993 and 2012 in both educational groups. Educational differences present in 1993 persisted in 2012.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Calcium, Dietary administration & dosage
Carotenoids administration & dosage
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dietary Carbohydrates
Dietary Fats administration & dosage
Dietary Fiber administration & dosage
Dietary Proteins administration & dosage
Energy Intake
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated administration & dosage
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated administration & dosage
Female
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Nutrition Surveys
Sensitivity and Specificity
Vitamin D administration & dosage
Diet trends
Educational Status
Sex Factors
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6643
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26593944
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115481