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An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage.
- Source :
-
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2016 Jan 14; Vol. 16 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jan 14. - Publication Year :
- 2016
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Abstract
- Oxygen (O₂) concentration inside the substrate is an important measurement for silage-research and-practical management. In the laboratory gas chromatography is commonly employed for O₂ measurement. Among sensor-based techniques, accurate and reliable in situ measurement is rare because of high levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) generated by the introduction of O₂ in the silage. The presented study focused on assessing three types of commercial O₂ sensors, including Clark oxygen electrodes (COE), galvanic oxygen cell (GOC) sensors and the Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS). Laboratory cross calibration of O₂ versus CO₂ (each 0-15 vol.%) was made for the COE and the GOC sensors. All calibration results verified that O₂ measurements for both sensors were insensitive to CO₂. For the O₂ in situ measurement in silage, all O₂ sensors were first tested in two sealed barrels (diameter 35.7 cm; height: 60 cm) to monitor the O₂ depletion with respect to the ensiling process (Test-A). The second test (Test-B) simulated the silage unloading process by recording the O₂ penetration dynamics in three additional barrels, two covered by dry ice (0.6 kg or 1.2 kg of each) on the top surface and one without. Based on a general comparison of the experimental data, we conclude that each of these in situ sensor monitoring techniques for O₂ concentration in silage exhibit individual advantages and limitations.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1424-8220
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26784194
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010091