Opioid Analgesics for Sedation and Analgesia During Mechanical Ventilation.

Neonates are exposed to repetitive pain and stress during their stay in a NICU, which can lead to chronic complications related to their neurodevelopment and neurobehavior. Approximately 20 percent of all neonates in a NICU are intubated, mechanically ventilated, and require suctioning, which can cause both acute and chronic pain. Pain management in the neonate can be challenging. Nurses and other caregivers need to be well trained to assess pain in the neonate to effectively identify and provide appropriate pain management strategies. There is a lack of evidence to support routine administration of opiates in the neonate. As with any medication, the possibility of short- and long-term adverse reactions must be considered. Nonpharmacologic therapy should be used as much as possible.