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Impact and Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Severe Rotavirus Diarrhea in Ghana.
- Source :
-
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [Clin Infect Dis] 2016 May 01; Vol. 62 Suppl 2, pp. S200-7. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Background: Ghana was among the first African nations to introduce monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) into its childhood immunization schedule in April 2012. We aimed to assess the impact of vaccine introduction on rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE).<br />Methods: Using data from 2 teaching hospitals, monthly AGE and rotavirus admissions by age were examined 40 months before and 31 months after RV1 introduction using interrupted time-series analyses. From January 2013, we enrolled children <2 years of age who were eligible for RV1 from a total of 7 sentinel sites across the country. To estimate VE, we fit unconditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios of vaccination by rotavirus case-patient status, controlling for potential confounders.<br />Results: Vaccine coverage ranged from 95% to 100% for dose 1 and 93% to 100% for dose 2. In the first 3 years after vaccine introduction, the percentage of hospital admissions positive for rotavirus fell from 48% in the prevaccine period to 28% (49% adjusted rate reduction; 95% confidence interval [CI], 32%-63%) postvaccination among <5-year-olds. With high vaccine coverage, it was not possible to arrive at robust VE estimates; any-dose VE against rotavirus hospitalization was estimated at 60% (95% CI, -2% to 84%;P= .056).<br />Conclusions: Results from the first 3 years following RV1 introduction suggest substantial reductions of pediatric diarrheal disease as a result of vaccination. Our VE estimate is consistent with the observed rotavirus decrease and with efficacy estimates from elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.<br /> (Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.)
- Subjects :
- Acute Disease epidemiology
Child, Preschool
Diarrhea epidemiology
Epidemiological Monitoring
Female
Gastroenteritis prevention & control
Gastroenteritis virology
Ghana epidemiology
Hospitalization
Humans
Infant
Logistic Models
Male
Rotavirus Infections epidemiology
Rotavirus Infections virology
Rotavirus Vaccines administration & dosage
Vaccination
Vaccine Potency
Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage
Vaccines, Attenuated immunology
Diarrhea prevention & control
Diarrhea virology
Immunization Programs
Immunization Schedule
Rotavirus Infections prevention & control
Rotavirus Vaccines immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1537-6591
- Volume :
- 62 Suppl 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27059357
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw014