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Point Mutations in Exon 1B of APC Reveal Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis of the Stomach as a Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Variant.
- Source :
-
American journal of human genetics [Am J Hum Genet] 2016 May 05; Vol. 98 (5), pp. 830-842. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Apr 14. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) is an autosomal-dominant cancer-predisposition syndrome with a significant risk of gastric, but not colorectal, adenocarcinoma. We mapped the gene to 5q22 and found loss of the wild-type allele on 5q in fundic gland polyps from affected individuals. Whole-exome and -genome sequencing failed to find causal mutations but, through Sanger sequencing, we identified point mutations in APC promoter 1B that co-segregated with disease in all six families. The mutations reduced binding of the YY1 transcription factor and impaired activity of the APC promoter 1B in luciferase assays. Analysis of blood and saliva from carriers showed allelic imbalance of APC, suggesting that these mutations lead to decreased allele-specific expression in vivo. Similar mutations in APC promoter 1B occur in rare families with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Promoter 1A is methylated in GAPPS and sporadic FGPs and in normal stomach, which suggests that 1B transcripts are more important than 1A in gastric mucosa. This might explain why all known GAPPS-affected families carry promoter 1B point mutations but only rare FAP-affected families carry similar mutations, the colonic cells usually being protected by the expression of the 1A isoform. Gastric polyposis and cancer have been previously described in some FAP-affected individuals with large deletions around promoter 1B. Our finding that GAPPS is caused by point mutations in the same promoter suggests that families with mutations affecting the promoter 1B are at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma, regardless of whether or not colorectal polyps are present.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Allelic Imbalance genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations genetics
Exome genetics
Female
Gastric Mucosa metabolism
Genetic Linkage genetics
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing methods
Humans
Loss of Heterozygosity
Male
Pedigree
Promoter Regions, Genetic genetics
Adenocarcinoma genetics
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli genetics
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein genetics
Adenomatous Polyps genetics
Exons genetics
Point Mutation genetics
Stomach Neoplasms genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1537-6605
- Volume :
- 98
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of human genetics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27087319
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.001