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A de novo silencer causes elimination of MITF-M expression and profound hearing loss in pigs.
- Source :
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BMC biology [BMC Biol] 2016 Jun 27; Vol. 14, pp. 52. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jun 27. - Publication Year :
- 2016
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Abstract
- Background: Genesis of novel gene regulatory modules is largely responsible for morphological and functional evolution. De novo generation of novel cis-regulatory elements (CREs) is much rarer than genomic events that alter existing CREs such as transposition, promoter switching or co-option. Only one case of de novo generation has been reported to date, in fish and without involvement of phenotype alteration. Yet, this event likely occurs in other animals and helps drive genetic/phenotypic variation.<br />Results: Using a porcine model of spontaneous hearing loss not previously characterized we performed gene mapping and mutation screening to determine the genetic foundation of the phenotype. We identified a mutation in the non-regulatory region of the melanocyte-specific promoter of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene that generated a novel silencer. The consequent elimination of expression of the MITF-M isoform led to early degeneration of the intermediate cells of the cochlear stria vascularis and profound hearing loss, as well as depigmentation, all of which resemble the typical phenotype of Waardenburg syndrome in humans. The mutation exclusively affected MITF-M and no other isoforms. The essential function of Mitf-m in hearing development was further validated using a knock-out mouse model.<br />Conclusions: Elimination of the MITF-M isoform alone is sufficient to cause deafness and depigmentation. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of a de novo CRE in mammals that produces a systemic functional effect.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Base Sequence
Chromosome Mapping
Cochlea pathology
Cochlea physiopathology
Disease Models, Animal
Electrophysiological Phenomena
Gene Expression Regulation
Genetic Testing
Genome-Wide Association Study
Hearing Loss physiopathology
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor metabolism
Mutation genetics
Phenotype
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Isoforms genetics
Transcription, Genetic
Hearing Loss genetics
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor genetics
Silencer Elements, Transcriptional genetics
Sus scrofa genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1741-7007
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BMC biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27349893
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0273-2