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Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of tetracycline drugs from egg supplements before flow injection analysis coupled to a liquid waveguide capillary cell.
- Source :
-
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry [Anal Bioanal Chem] 2016 Sep; Vol. 408 (22), pp. 6201-11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jul 05. - Publication Year :
- 2016
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Abstract
- A simple, rapid, and efficient ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (US-DLLME) method was developed for extraction of tetracycline residues from egg supplement samples, with subsequent determination by flow injection analysis (FIA) coupled to a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and a controlled temperature heating bath. Tetracyclines react with diazotized p-sulfanilic acid, in a slightly alkaline medium, to form azo compounds that can be measured at 435 nm. The reaction sensitivity improved substantially (5.12-fold) using an in-line heating temperature of 45 °C. Multivariate methodology was used to optimize the factors affecting the extraction efficiency, considering the volumes of extraction and disperser solvents, sonication time, extraction time, and centrifugation time. Good linearity in the range 30-600 μg L(-1) was obtained for all the tetracyclines, with regression coefficients (r) higher than 0.9974. The limits of detection ranged from 6.4 to 11.1 μg L(-1), and the recoveries were in the range 85.7-96.4 %, with relative standard deviation lower than 9.8 %. Analyte recovery was improved by approximately 6 % when the microextraction was assisted by ultrasound. The results obtained with the proposed US-DLLME-FIA method were confirmed by a reference HPLC method and showed that the egg supplement samples analyzed were suitable for human consumption.
- Subjects :
- Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid economics
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid instrumentation
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods
Equipment Design
Flow Injection Analysis economics
Flow Injection Analysis instrumentation
Flow Injection Analysis methods
Food Contamination analysis
Limit of Detection
Liquid Phase Microextraction economics
Liquid Phase Microextraction instrumentation
Sonication economics
Sonication instrumentation
Tetracyclines analysis
Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification
Dietary Supplements analysis
Eggs analysis
Food Analysis methods
Liquid Phase Microextraction methods
Sonication methods
Tetracyclines isolation & purification
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1618-2650
- Volume :
- 408
- Issue :
- 22
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27379391
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9732-4