Empirical model of human blood transverse relaxation at 3 T improves MRI T 2 oximetry.

Purpose: We sought a human blood T ₂ -oximetery calibration curve over the wide range of hematocrits commonly found in anemic patients applicable with T ₂ relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST).
Methods: Blood was drawn from five healthy control subjects. Ninety-three in vitro blood transverse relaxation (T _2b ) measurements were performed at 37°C over a broad range of hematocrits (10-55%) and oxygen saturations (14-100%) at 3 Tesla (T). In vivo TRUST was performed on 35 healthy African American control subjects and 11 patients with chronic anemia syndromes.
Results: 1/T ₂ rose linearly with hematocrit (r ²  = 0.96), for fully saturated blood. Upon desaturation, 1/T ₂ rose linearly with the square of the oxygen extraction, (1-Y) ² , and the slope was linearly proportional to hematocrit (r ²  = 0.88). The resulting bilinear model between 1/T ₂ , (1-Y) ² , and hematocrit had a combined r ² of 0.96 and a coefficient of variation of 6.1%. Using the in vivo data, the bilinear model had significantly lower bias and variability than existing calibrations, particularly for low hematocrits. In vivo Bland Altman analysis demonstrated clinically relevant bias that was -6% (absolute saturation) for hematocrits near 30% and rose to + 6% for hematocrits near 45%.
Conclusion: This work introduces a robust bilinear calibration model that should be used for MRI oximetry. Magn Reson Med 77:2364-2371, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
(© 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)