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Aflatoxin B₁ and M₁ Degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and Redox Mediators.
- Source :
-
Toxins [Toxins (Basel)] 2016 Aug 23; Vol. 8 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Aug 23. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Laccases (LCs) are multicopper oxidases that find application as versatile biocatalysts for the green bioremediation of environmental pollutants and xenobiotics. In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and M₁ (AFM₁). LC enzyme was purified using three chromatographic steps and identified as Lac2 through zymogram and LC-MS/MS. The degradation assays were performed in vitro at 25 °C for 72 h in buffer solution. AFB₁ degradation by Lac2 direct oxidation was 23%. Toxin degradation was also investigated in the presence of three redox mediators, (2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) (ABTS) and two naturally-occurring phenols, acetosyringone (AS) and syringaldehyde (SA). The direct effect of the enzyme and the mediated action of Lac2 with redox mediators univocally proved the correlation between Lac2 activity and aflatoxins degradation. The degradation of AFB₁ was enhanced by the addition of all mediators at 10 mM, with AS being the most effective (90% of degradation). AFM₁ was completely degraded by Lac2 with all mediators at 10 mM. The novelty of this study relies on the identification of a pure enzyme as capable of degrading AFB₁ and, for the first time, AFM₁, and on the evidence that the mechanism of an effective degradation occurs via the mediation of natural phenolic compounds. These results opened new perspective for Lac2 application in the food and feed supply chains as a biotransforming agent of AFB₁ and AFM₁.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Subjects :
- Acetophenones pharmacology
Benzaldehydes pharmacology
Benzothiazoles pharmacology
Food Microbiology
Oxidation-Reduction
Pleurotus classification
Proteolysis
Substrate Specificity
Sulfonic Acids pharmacology
Time Factors
Aflatoxin B1 metabolism
Aflatoxin M1 metabolism
Biodegradation, Environmental drug effects
Fungal Proteins metabolism
Laccase metabolism
Pleurotus enzymology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6651
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27563923
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8090245