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Effectiveness of Membrane Filtration to Improve Drinking Water: A Quasi-Experimental Study from Rural Southern India.
- Source :
-
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene [Am J Trop Med Hyg] 2016 Nov 02; Vol. 95 (5), pp. 1192-1200. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Sep 06. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Since point-of-use methods of water filtration have shown limited acceptance in Vellore, southern India, this study evaluated the effectiveness of decentralized membrane filtration 1) with safe storage, 2) without safe storage, versus 3) no intervention, consisting of central chlorination as per government guidelines, in improving the microbiological quality of drinking water and preventing childhood diarrhea. Periodic testing of water sources, pre-/postfiltration samples, and household water, and a biweekly follow up of children less than 2 years of age was done for 1 year. The membrane filters achieved a log reduction of 0.86 (0.69-1.06), 1.14 (0.99-1.30), and 0.79 (0.67-0.94) for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli, respectively, in field conditions. A 24% (incidence rate ratio, IRR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.76 [0.51-1.13]; P = 0.178) reduction in diarrheal incidence in the intervention village with safe storage and a 14% (IRR [95% CI] = 1.14 [0.75-1.77]; P = 0.530) increase in incidence for the intervention village without safe storage versus no intervention village was observed, although not statistically significant. Microbiologically, the membrane filters decreased fecal contamination; however, provision of decentralized membrane-filtered water with or without safe storage was not protective against childhood diarrhea.<br /> (© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)
- Subjects :
- Child, Preschool
Diarrhea prevention & control
Drinking Water standards
Enterobacteriaceae isolation & purification
Escherichia coli isolation & purification
Family Characteristics
Feces virology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Incidence
India epidemiology
Infant
Male
Multivariate Analysis
Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Rural Population
Water Microbiology
Water Quality standards
Drinking Water microbiology
Filtration methods
Water Purification methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1476-1645
- Volume :
- 95
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27601525
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0675