Back to Search
Start Over
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment.
- Source :
-
Archives of pharmacal research [Arch Pharm Res] 2016 Nov; Vol. 39 (11), pp. 1577-1587. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Oct 21. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- During immune responses antigen-specific T cells are regulated by several mechanisms, including through inhibitory receptors and regulatory T cells, to avoid excessive or persistent immune responses. These regulatory mechanisms, which are called 'immune checkpoints', suppress T cell responses, particularly in patients with chronic viral infections and cancer where viral antigens or tumor antigens persist for a long time and contribute to T cell exhaustion. Among these regulatory mechanisms, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) are the most well-known receptors and both have been targeted for drug development. As a result, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 (or anti-PD-L1) antibodies were recently developed as immune checkpoint inhibitors for use in cancer treatments. In this review we describe several receptors that function as immunological checkpoints as well as the pharmaceuticals that target them.
- Subjects :
- Animals
CTLA-4 Antigen genetics
Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 genetics
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunotherapy methods
Ligands
Neoplasms immunology
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor genetics
Receptors, Immunologic genetics
Signal Transduction drug effects
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic metabolism
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism
CTLA-4 Antigen antagonists & inhibitors
Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 antagonists & inhibitors
Neoplasms therapy
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor antagonists & inhibitors
Receptors, Immunologic antagonists & inhibitors
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1976-3786
- Volume :
- 39
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Archives of pharmacal research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27770382
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0850-5