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E-cigarettes and flavorings induce inflammatory and pro-senescence responses in oral epithelial cells and periodontal fibroblasts.
- Source :
-
Oncotarget [Oncotarget] 2016 Nov 22; Vol. 7 (47), pp. 77196-77204. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs) represent a significant and increasing proportion of tobacco product consumption, which may pose an oral health concern. Oxidative/carbonyl stress via protein carbonylation is an important factor in causing inflammation and DNA damage. This results in stress-induced premature senescence (a state of irreversible growth arrest which re-enforces chronic inflammation) in gingival epithelium, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of oral diseases. We show that e-cigs with flavorings cause increased oxidative/carbonyl stress and inflammatory cytokine release in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, Human Gingival Epithelium Progenitors pooled (HGEPp), and epigingival 3D epithelium. We further show increased levels of prostaglandin-E2 and cycloxygenase-2 are associated with upregulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) by e-cig exposure-mediated carbonyl stress in gingival epithelium/tissue. Further, e-cigs cause increased oxidative/carbonyl and inflammatory responses, and DNA damage along with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) reduction via RAGE-dependent mechanisms in gingival epithelium. A greater response is elicited by flavored e-cigs. Increased oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory and pro-senescence responses (DNA damage and HDAC2 reduction) can result in dysregulated repair due to proinflammatory and pro-senescence responses in periodontal cells. These data highlight the pathologic role of e-cig aerosol and its flavoring to cells and tissues of the oral cavity in compromised oral health.
- Subjects :
- Cells, Cultured
Cellular Senescence
Cytokines metabolism
DNA Damage
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Epithelial Cells cytology
Epithelial Cells immunology
Fibroblasts cytology
Fibroblasts immunology
Gingiva immunology
Glycation End Products, Advanced metabolism
Histone Deacetylase 2 metabolism
Humans
Inflammation metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Periodontal Ligament immunology
Flavoring Agents adverse effects
Gingiva cytology
Inflammation chemically induced
Mouth cytology
Periodontal Ligament cytology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1949-2553
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 47
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Oncotarget
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27791204
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12857