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Increased expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens of compulsive methamphetamine taking rats.
- Source :
-
Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2016 Nov 14; Vol. 6, pp. 37002. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 14. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Addiction is associated with neuroadaptive changes in the brain. In the present paper, we used a model of methamphetamine self-administration during which we used footshocks to divide rats into animals that continue to press a lever to get methamphetamine (shock-resistant) and those that significantly reduce pressing the lever (shock-sensitive) despite the shocks. We trained male Sprague-Dawley rats to self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 9 hours daily for 20 days. Control group self-administered saline. Subsequently, methamphetamine self-administration rats were punished by mild electric footshocks for 10 days with gradual increases in shock intensity. Two hours after stopping behavioral experiments, we euthanized rats and isolated nucleus accumbens (NAc) samples. Affymetrix Array experiments revealed 24 differentially expressed genes between the shock-resistant and shock-sensitive rats, with 15 up- and 9 downregulated transcripts. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that these transcripts belong to classes of genes involved in nervous system function, behavior, and disorders of the basal ganglia. These genes included prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK), among others. Because PDYN and PENK are expressed in dopamine D1- and D2-containing NAc neurons, respectively, these findings suggest that mechanisms, which impact both cell types may play a role in the regulation of compulsive methamphetamine taking by rats.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Behavior, Animal drug effects
Down-Regulation drug effects
Early Growth Response Transcription Factors genetics
Early Growth Response Transcription Factors metabolism
Electroshock
Enkephalins metabolism
Male
Nucleus Accumbens drug effects
Orphan Nuclear Receptors genetics
Orphan Nuclear Receptors metabolism
Protein Precursors metabolism
RNA, Messenger metabolism
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Enkephalins genetics
Methamphetamine pharmacology
Nucleus Accumbens metabolism
Protein Precursors genetics
Up-Regulation drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2045-2322
- Volume :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Scientific reports
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27841313
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37002