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Inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after chlorine exposure are prolonged by Nrf2 deficiency in mice.
- Source :
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Free radical biology & medicine [Free Radic Biol Med] 2017 Jan; Vol. 102, pp. 1-15. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 13. - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- Rationale: Chlorine gas (Cl <subscript>2</subscript> ) is a potent oxidant and trigger of irritant induced asthma. We explored NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent mechanisms in the asthmatic response to Cl <subscript>2</subscript> , using Nrf2-deficient mice, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical regulator of Nrf2.<br />Methods: Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed 24 and 48h after a 5-min nose-only exposure to 100ppm Cl <subscript>2</subscript> of Nrf2-deficient and wild type Balb/C mice treated with BSO or SFN. Animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated (FlexiVentâ„¢) and challenged with aerosolized methacholine. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and lung tissues were harvested for assessment of gene expression.<br />Results: Cl <subscript>2</subscript> exposure induced a robust AHR and an intense neutrophilic inflammation that, although similar in Nrf2-deficient mice and wild-type mice at 24h after Cl <subscript>2</subscript> exposure, were significantly greater at 48h post exposure in Nrf2-deficient mice. Lung GSH and mRNA for Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes (NQO-1 and GPX2) were significantly lower in Nrf2-deficient than wild-type mice after Cl <subscript>2</subscript> exposure. BSO reduced GSH levels and promoted Cl <subscript>2</subscript> -induced airway inflammation in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2-deficient mice, whereas SFN suppressed Cl <subscript>2</subscript> -induced airway inflammation in wild-type but not in Nrf2-deficient mice. AHR was not affected by either BSO or SFN at 48h post Cl <subscript>2</subscript> exposure.<br />Conclusions: Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes play a role in the resolution of airway inflammation and AHR after Cl <subscript>2</subscript> exposure. Moderate deficiency of GSH affects the magnitude of acute inflammation but not AHR.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Buthionine Sulfoximine metabolism
Chlorine toxicity
Gene Expression Regulation genetics
Glutathione antagonists & inhibitors
Glutathione biosynthesis
Glutathione Peroxidase genetics
Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism
Humans
Inflammation chemically induced
Inflammation physiopathology
Isothiocyanates metabolism
Lung drug effects
Lung physiopathology
Methacholine Chloride metabolism
Mice
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) genetics
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) metabolism
NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism
RNA, Messenger genetics
Respiratory Hypersensitivity physiopathology
Sulfoxides
Inflammation metabolism
Lung metabolism
NF-E2-Related Factor 2 genetics
Respiratory Hypersensitivity metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-4596
- Volume :
- 102
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Free radical biology & medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27847240
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.017