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Estrogen Replacement Improves Verbal Memory and Executive Control in Oligomenorrheic/Amenorrheic Athletes in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Source :
-
The Journal of clinical psychiatry [J Clin Psychiatry] 2017 May; Vol. 78 (5), pp. e490-e497. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Objective: Both estrogen and exercise may have cognition enhancing benefits; however, young oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic athletes (OA) with estrogen deficiency have not been evaluated for cognitive deficits. Our objective was to determine whether 6 months of estrogen replacement will impact cognitive domains in OA. We hypothesized that estrogen replacement would improve verbal memory and executive control in OA.<br />Methods: We performed cognitive assessments at baseline and after 6 months in 48 OA (14-25 years) randomized to estrogen (EST+) (oral 30 µg ethinyl estradiol [n = 16] or transdermal 100 µg 17-β-estradiol patch [n = 13]) or no estrogen (EST-) (n = 19) in an ongoing clinical trial. Neurocognitive testing included California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) (for verbal memory) and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Color-Word Interference Test (D-KEFS-CWIT) (executive control).<br />Results: On average, subjects (mean ± SEM age: 19.9 ± 3.1 years, body mass index: 20.6 ± 2.3 kg/m²) participated in 10.3 ± 5.9 hours per week of weight-bearing activities of their lower limbs. The EST+ group performed better for CVLT-II verbal memory scores for immediate recall over 6 months of therapy compared to EST- (P < .05) even after controlling for baseline scores and age. Changes in D-KEFS-CWIT scores over 6 months did not differ between the groups. However, the EST+ group had greater improvements in inhibition-switching completion time over 6 months compared with the EST- group after controlling for baseline scores and age (P = .01).<br />Conclusions: OA show improvements in verbal memory and executive control following 6 months of estrogen replacement. These findings in athletes, who are in their prime of neurocognitive development, underscore the need for future studies exploring cognition in OA.<br />Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00946192.<br /> (© Copyright 2017 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Administration, Cutaneous
Administration, Oral
Adolescent
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Neuropsychological Tests
Young Adult
Amenorrhea drug therapy
Amenorrhea psychology
Athletes
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Executive Function drug effects
Mental Recall drug effects
Oligomenorrhea drug therapy
Oligomenorrhea psychology
Verbal Learning drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1555-2101
- Volume :
- 78
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of clinical psychiatry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28297591
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10544