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Atomic Layer Etching Mechanism of MoS 2 for Nanodevices.

Authors :: Kim KS
Kim KH
Nam Y
Jeon J
Yim S
Singh E
Lee JY
Lee SJ
Jung YS
Yeom GY
Kim DW
Source :: ACS applied materials & interfaces [ACS Appl Mater Interfaces] 2017 Apr 05; Vol. 9 (13), pp. 11967-11976. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Mar 27.
Publication Year :: 2017
Abstract: Among the layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) that can form stable two-dimensional crystal structures, molybdenum disulfide (MoS <subscript>2</subscript> ) has been intensively investigated because of its unique properties in various electronic and optoelectronic applications with different band gap energies from 1.29 to 1.9 eV as the number of layers decreases. To control the MoS <subscript>2</subscript> layers, atomic layer etching (ALE) (which is a cyclic etching consisting of a radical-adsorption step such as Cl adsorption and a reacted-compound-desorption step via a low-energy Ar <superscript>+</superscript> -ion exposure) can be a highly effective technique to avoid inducing damage and contamination that occur during the reactive steps. Whereas graphene is composed of one-atom-thick layers, MoS <subscript>2</subscript> is composed of three-atom-thick S <subscript>(top)</subscript> -Mo <subscript>(mid)</subscript> -S <subscript>(bottom)</subscript> layers; therefore, the ALE mechanisms of the two structures are significantly different. In this study, for MoS <subscript>2</subscript> ALE, the Cl radical is used as the adsorption species and a low-energy Ar <superscript>+</superscript> ion is used as the desorption species. A MoS <subscript>2</subscript> ALE mechanism (by which the S <subscript>(top)</subscript> , Mo <subscript>(mid)</subscript> , and S <subscript>(bottom)</subscript> atoms are sequentially removed from the MoS <subscript>2</subscript> crystal structure due to the trapped Cl atoms between the S <subscript>(top)</subscript> layer and the Mo <subscript>(mid)</subscript> layer) is reported according to the results of an experiment and a simulation. In addition, the ALE technique shows that a monolayer MoS <subscript>2</subscript> field effect transistor (FET) fabricated after one cycle of ALE is undamaged and exhibits electrical characteristics similar to those of a pristine monolayer MoS <subscript>2</subscript> FET. This technique is also applicable to all layered TMD materials, such as tungsten disulfide (WS <subscript>2</subscript> ), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe <subscript>2</subscript> ), and tungsten diselenide (WSe <subscript>2</subscript> ).