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Whole Blood Metabolomics by 1 H NMR Spectroscopy Provides a New Opportunity To Evaluate Coenzymes and Antioxidants.
- Source :
-
Analytical chemistry [Anal Chem] 2017 Apr 18; Vol. 89 (8), pp. 4620-4627. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Mar 30. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Conventional human blood metabolomics employs serum or plasma and provides a wealth of metabolic information therein. However, this approach lacks the ability to measure and evaluate important metabolites such as coenzymes and antioxidants that are present at high concentrations in red blood cells. As an important alternative to serum/plasma metabolomics, we show here that a simple <superscript>1</superscript> H NMR experiment can simultaneously measure coenzymes and antioxidants in extracts of whole human blood, in addition to the nearly 70 metabolites that were shown to be quantitated in serum/plasma recently [ Anal. Chem. 2015 , 87 , 706 - 715 ]. Coenzymes of redox reactions: oxidized/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD <superscript>+</superscript> and NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP <superscript>+</superscript> and NADPH); coenzymes of energy including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP); and antioxidants, the sum of oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH) can be measured with essentially no additional effort. A new method was developed for detecting many of these unstable species without affecting other blood/blood plasma metabolites. The identities of coenzymes and antioxidants in blood NMR spectra were established combining 1D/2D NMR techniques, chemical shift databases, pH measurements and, finally, spiking with authentic compounds. This is the first study to report identification of major coenzymes and antioxidants and quantify them, simultaneously, with the large pool of other metabolites in human blood using NMR spectroscopy. Considering that the levels of coenzymes and antioxidants represent a sensitive measure of cellular functions in health and numerous diseases, the NMR method presented here potentially opens a new chapter in the metabolomics of blood.
- Subjects :
- Adenosine Diphosphate blood
Adenosine Monophosphate blood
Adenosine Triphosphate blood
Antioxidants chemistry
Aspartic Acid blood
Databases, Chemical
Glutathione blood
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
NAD blood
NADP blood
Oxidation-Reduction
Antioxidants analysis
Coenzymes blood
Metabolomics
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-6882
- Volume :
- 89
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Analytical chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28318242
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00171