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Dissociation between skin test reactivity and anti-aeroallergen IgE: Determinants among urban Brazilian children.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2017 Mar 28; Vol. 12 (3), pp. e0174089. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Mar 28 (Print Publication: 2017). - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- Background: The dissociation between specific IgE and skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens, a common finding in populations living in low and middle-income countries, has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Few studies have investigated the determinants of this dissociation. In the present study, we explored potential factors explaining this dissociation in children living in an urban area of Northeast Brazil, focusing in particular on factors associated with poor hygiene.<br />Methods: Of 1445 children from low income communities, investigated for risk factors of allergies, we studied 481 with specific IgE antibodies to any of Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica allergens. Data on demographic, environmental and social exposures were collected by questionnaire; serum IgG and stool examinations were done to detect current or past infections with viral, bacterial, protozoan and intestinal helminth pathogens. We measured atopy by skin prick testing (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) to aerollergens in serum (by ImmunoCAP). SIgE reactivity to B. tropicalis extract depleted of carbohydrates was measured by an in-house ELISA. Total IgE was measured by in house capture ELISA. SNPs were typed using Illumina Omni 2.5.<br />Results: Negative skin prick tests in the presence of specific IgE antibodies were frequent. Factors independently associated with a reduced frequency of positive skin prick tests were large number of siblings, the presence of IgG to herpes simplex virus, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections, living in neighborhoods with infrequent garbage collection, presence of rodents and cats in the household and sIgE reactivity to glycosylated B. tropicalis allergens. Also, SNP on IGHE (rs61737468) was negatively associated with SPT reactivity.<br />Conclusions: A variety of factors were found to be associated with decreased frequency of SPT such as unhygienic living conditions, infections, total IgE, IgE response to glycosylated allergens and genetic polymorphisms, indicating that multiple mechanisms may be involved. Our data, showing that exposures to an unhygienic environment and childhood infections modulate immediate allergen skin test reactivity, provide support for the "hygiene hypothesis".
- Subjects :
- Animals
Ascaris lumbricoides immunology
Brazil
Cats
Child
Child, Preschool
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Feces microbiology
Feces parasitology
Feces virology
Humans
Hypersensitivity blood
Hypersensitivity diagnosis
Immunoglobulin E blood
Immunoglobulin G blood
Immunoglobulin G immunology
Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains genetics
Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains immunology
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide immunology
Receptors, IgE genetics
Receptors, IgE immunology
Rodentia
Simplexvirus immunology
Trichuris immunology
Urban Health statistics & numerical data
Allergens immunology
Hypersensitivity immunology
Immunoglobulin E immunology
Skin Tests methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28350867
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174089