Safety of Carotid Revascularization during the Acute Period of Neurological Symptom Onset in Women.

Background: Benefit from carotid revascularization is supposed to be lower in women due to increased periprocedural risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of stroke/death after carotid intervention in women treated within 15 days from last neurological event.
Methods: Data from 282 consecutive patients treated during 2009-2015 by carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting within 15 days from neurological symptoms were analyzed by sex and stratified according to treatment delay toward symptoms onset.
Results: Eighty women (28.4%) underwent carotid stenosis correction: in 37 treatment was performed within 7 days from symptoms (in 12 within 48 hr); the remaining underwent carotid disease correction between day 8 and day 15 after the index event. Baseline comorbidity profile, presenting symptoms (stroke, transient ischemic attack, and recurrent symptoms) and treatment delay were comparable between sexes. The 30-day stroke/death rate was 2.5% in women (2/80) and 3.5% (7/202) in men (P = 1.00). There was no 30-day death or cerebral hemorrhage in women and in patients treated within the first 48 hours. In adjusted analyses, female sex was not associated with increased stroke/death risk. At 4 years, for women and men survival was 93.9% vs. 79.2% (P = 0.047) and freedom from stroke 92.6% vs. 92.2% (P = 0.76).
Conclusions: Women with symptomatic carotid stenosis may benefit as men from intervention when performed within the acute (15 days) or hyperacute (48 hr) period after neurological event. Thirty-day stroke/death rate in this experience is lower or comparable to men's and treatment appears to be effective in preventing new strokes at midterm.
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