Structural study of the cremaster muscle in patients with retractile testis.

Objective: To analyze the structure of the cremaster in patients with retractile testis (RT), comparing the distribution of nerves, elastic system and muscles with patients having cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia (IH).
Patients and Methods: We studied 31 patients, 17 with RT (mean age=5.17years); 9 with IH (mean age=2.6) and 5 with cryptorchidism (mean age=3). A cremaster biopsy was performed and submitted to routine histological processing and studied using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The samples were photographed under an Olympus BX51 microscope. The images were processed with the Image J software and the cremaster muscle structures were quantified. Means were compared statistically using ANOVA and the unpaired t-test (p<0.05).
Results: There were no differences (p=0.08) in diameter of muscle fiber between the groups. The muscle fiber density differed between patients with RT and IH (p=0.02): RT (mean=17.71%, SD=16.67), IH (mean=38.06%, SD=14) and cryptorchidism (mean=21.47%, SD=16.18). There was no difference (p=0.07) in the density of elastic fibers in the three groups. We observed a lower concentration of cremaster nerves of patients with RT compared with IH (p=0.0362): RT (mean=1.72%, SD=0.58), IH (mean=3.28% SD=0.94) and cryptorchidism (mean=2.52%, SD=0.53).
Conclusions: Retractile testis is not a normal variant, and presented a similar cremaster muscle structure as in patients with cryptorchidism.
Level of Evidence: II; prospective comparative study.
(Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)