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Ecotoxicity of 1,3-dichloropropene, metam sodium, and dazomet on the earthworm Eisenia fetida with modified artificial soil test and natural soil test.
- Source :
-
Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2017 Aug; Vol. 24 (22), pp. 18692-18698. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jul 01. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D), metam sodium (MS), and dazomet (DZ) are widely used as preplant soil fumigants to solve soilborne problems. To provide a more scientific and accurate evaluation of 1,3-D, MS, and DZ toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida, modified artificial soil test and natural soil test were studied. The suitable soil moisture to maintain over 90% survival of the earthworms after 4 weeks of treatment in an enclosed system for modified artificial soil test and natural soil test were 26.9 to 86.4% of water-holding capacity (WHC) and 66.2 to 84.3% of WHC, respectively. The optimal soil moisture levels for modified artificial soil test and natural soil test (75 and 55% of WHC, respectively) were finally used to evaluate the toxicity of 1,3-D, MS, and DZ on earthworms. Each desiccator with 10 earthworms and natural or artificial soil was stored at 20 ± 1 °C under constant light of 400 to 800 lx for 2 weeks. The modified artificial soil test showed LC <subscript>50</subscript> values for 1,3-D, MS, and DZ of 3.60, 1.69, and 5.41 mg a.i. kg <superscript>-1</superscript> soil, respectively. The modified natural soil test of the fumigants showed similar LC <subscript>50</subscript> values of 2.77 and 0.65 mg a.i. kg <superscript>-1</superscript> soil, except for DZ at 0.98 mg a.i. kg <superscript>-1</superscript> soil. The present study confirms that both modified artificial soil test and modified natural soil test offer standard methods for acute toxicity test of 1,3-D, MS, and DZ on the earthworms and scientific evidences for assessing the effects of soil fumigants on non-target organisms in the soils. Graphical Abstract Two novel acute toxicity test methods for soil fumigants on the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
- Subjects :
- Allyl Compounds analysis
Allyl Compounds toxicity
Animals
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated analysis
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated toxicity
Pesticides analysis
Soil Pollutants analysis
Thiadiazines analysis
Thiadiazines toxicity
Thiocarbamates analysis
Thiocarbamates toxicity
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Ecotoxicology methods
Oligochaeta drug effects
Pesticides toxicity
Soil chemistry
Soil Pollutants toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1614-7499
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 22
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28669094
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9620-2