Back to Search
Start Over
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies.
- Source :
-
Nature reviews. Endocrinology [Nat Rev Endocrinol] 2017 Nov; Vol. 13 (11), pp. 644-660. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jul 14. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare malignancy, accounting for 1-2% of all thyroid cancers. Although rare, ATC accounts for the majority of deaths from thyroid carcinoma. ATC often originates in a pre-existing thyroid cancer lesion, as suggested by the simultaneous presence of areas of differentiated or poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. ATC is characterized by the accumulation of several oncogenic alterations, and studies have shown that an increased number of oncogenic alterations equates to an increased level of dedifferentiation and aggressiveness. The clinical management of ATC requires a multidisciplinary approach; according to recent American Thyroid Association guidelines, surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should be considered. In addition to conventional therapies, novel molecular targeted therapies are the most promising emerging treatment modalities. These drugs are often multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, several of which have been tested in clinical trials with encouraging results so far. Accordingly, clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of these new agents. This Review describes the updated clinical and pathological features of ATC and provides insight into the molecular biology of this disease. The most recent literature regarding conventional, newly available and future therapies for ATC is also discussed.
- Subjects :
- Age Factors
Deglutition Disorders etiology
Dyspnea etiology
GTP Phosphohydrolases genetics
Hoarseness etiology
Humans
Membrane Proteins genetics
Neck Pain etiology
Neoplasm Staging
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) genetics
Radiation Exposure statistics & numerical data
Respiratory Sounds etiology
Risk Factors
Stilbenes therapeutic use
Telomerase genetics
Thiazolidinediones therapeutic use
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic complications
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic genetics
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic pathology
Thyroid Neoplasms complications
Thyroid Neoplasms genetics
Thyroid Neoplasms pathology
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use
Protein Kinase Inhibitors therapeutic use
Radiotherapy
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic therapy
Thyroid Neoplasms therapy
Thyroidectomy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1759-5037
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nature reviews. Endocrinology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28707679
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.76