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Habitual sleep as a contributor to racial differences in cardiometabolic risk.
- Source :
-
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2017 Aug 15; Vol. 114 (33), pp. 8889-8894. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jul 31. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Insufficient and disrupted sleep is linked with cardiovascular and metabolic dysregulation and morbidity. The current study examines the degree to which differences in sleep between black/African American (AA) and white/European American (EA) adults explain racial differences in cardiometabolic (CMB) disease risk. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency (percent of time in bed asleep) were assessed via seven nights of wrist actigraphy among 426 participants in the Midlife in the United States Study (31% AA; 69% EA; 61% female; mean age = 56.8 y). CMB risk was indexed as a composite of seven biomarkers [blood pressure, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c (HbA <subscript>1c</subscript> ), insulin resistance, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and C-reactive protein]. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and relevant health behaviors. Results indicated that AAs relative to EAs obtained less sleep (341 vs. 381 min) and had lower sleep efficiency (72.3 vs. 82.2%) ( P values < 0.001). Further, 41% and 58% of the racial difference in CMB risk was explained by sleep time and sleep efficiency, respectively. In models stratified by sex, race was indirectly associated with CMB risk via sleep time and efficiency only among females (explaining 33% and 65% of the race difference, respectively). Indirect effects were robust to alternative model specifications that excluded participants with diabetes or heart disease. Consideration of sleep determinants and sleep health is therefore needed in efforts to reduce racial differences in CMB disease.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Biomarkers blood
Female
Humans
Male
Socioeconomic Factors
United States epidemiology
Black or African American
Heart Diseases blood
Heart Diseases epidemiology
Heart Diseases physiopathology
Metabolic Diseases blood
Metabolic Diseases epidemiology
Metabolic Diseases physiopathology
Sleep
White People
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1091-6490
- Volume :
- 114
- Issue :
- 33
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28760970
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618167114