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Synthesis and Deployment of an Elusive Fluorovinyl Cation Equivalent: Access to Quaternary α-(1'-Fluoro)vinyl Amino Acids as Potential PLP Enzyme Inactivators.

Authors :
McCune CD
Beio ML
Sturdivant JM
de la Salud-Bea R
Darnell BM
Berkowitz DB
Source :
Journal of the American Chemical Society [J Am Chem Soc] 2017 Oct 11; Vol. 139 (40), pp. 14077-14089. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Sep 28.
Publication Year :
2017

Abstract

Developing specific chemical functionalities to deploy in biological environments for targeted enzyme inactivation lies at the heart of mechanism-based inhibitor development but also is central to other protein-tagging methods in modern chemical biology including activity-based protein profiling and proteolysis-targeting chimeras. We describe here a previously unknown class of potential PLP enzyme inactivators; namely, a family of quaternary, α-(1'-fluoro)vinyl amino acids, bearing the side chains of the cognate amino acids. These are obtained by the capture of suitably protected amino acid enolates with β,β-difluorovinyl phenyl sulfone, a new (1'-fluoro)vinyl cation equivalent, and an electrophile that previously eluded synthesis, capture and characterization. A significant variety of biologically relevant AA side chains are tolerated including those for alanine, valine, leucine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Following addition/elimination, the resulting transoid α-(1'-fluoro)-β-(phenylsulfonyl)vinyl AA-esters undergo smooth sulfone-stannane interchange to stereoselectively give the corresponding transoid α-(1'-fluoro)-β-(tributylstannyl)vinyl AA-esters. Protodestannylation and global deprotection then yield these sterically encumbered and densely functionalized quaternary amino acids. The α-(1'-fluoro)vinyl trigger, a potential allene-generating functionality originally proposed by Abeles, is now available in a quaternary AA context for the first time. In an initial test of this new inhibitor class, α-(1'-fluoro)vinyllysine is seen to act as a time-dependent, irreversible inactivator of lysine decarboxylase from Hafnia alvei. The enantiomers of the inhibitor could be resolved, and each is seen to give time-dependent inactivation with this enzyme. Kitz-Wilson analysis reveals similar inactivation parameters for the two antipodes, L-α-(1'-fluoro)vinyllysine (K <subscript>i</subscript> = 630 ± 20 μM; t <subscript>1/2</subscript> = 2.8 min) and D-α-(1'-fluoro)vinyllysine (K <subscript>i</subscript> = 470 ± 30 μM; t <subscript>1/2</subscript> = 3.6 min). The stage is now set for exploration of the efficacy of this trigger in other PLP-enzyme active sites.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1520-5126
Volume :
139
Issue :
40
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
28906111
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b04690