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AID Biology: A pathological and clinical perspective.
- Source :
-
International reviews of immunology [Int Rev Immunol] 2018 Jan 02; Vol. 37 (1), pp. 37-56. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Sep 21. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), primarily expressed in activated mature B lymphocytes in germinal centers, is the key factor in adaptive immune response against foreign antigens. AID is responsible for producing high-affinity and high-specificity antibodies against an infectious agent, through the physiological DNA alteration processes of antibody genes by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) and functions by deaminating deoxycytidines (dC) to deoxyuridines (dU), thereby introducing point mutations and double-stranded chromosomal breaks (DSBs). The beneficial physiological role of AID in antibody diversification is outweighed by its detrimental role in the genesis of several chronic immune diseases, under non-physiological conditions. This review offers a comprehensive and better understanding of AID biology and its pathological aspects, as well as addresses the challenges involved in AID-related cancer therapeutics, based on various recent advances and evidence available in the literature till date. In this article, we discuss ways through which our interpretation of AID biology may reflect upon novel clinical insights, which could be successfully translated into designing clinical trials and improving patient prognosis and disease management.
- Subjects :
- Animals
B-Lymphocytes enzymology
B-Lymphocytes immunology
Chromatin genetics
Chromatin metabolism
Cytidine Deaminase genetics
Cytidine Deaminase metabolism
Enzyme Stability
Epigenesis, Genetic
Gene Conversion
Genes, Immunoglobulin
Humans
Immune System Diseases enzymology
Immune System Diseases immunology
Immunoglobulin Class Switching
Leukemia, B-Cell genetics
Leukemia, B-Cell immunology
Leukemia, B-Cell metabolism
Lymphoma, B-Cell genetics
Lymphoma, B-Cell immunology
Lymphoma, B-Cell metabolism
Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
Translocation, Genetic
Cytidine Deaminase immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1563-5244
- Volume :
- 37
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International reviews of immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28933967
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2017.1369980