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Sleep/Wake Physiology and Quantitative Electroencephalogram Analysis of the Neuroligin-3 Knockout Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
- Source :
-
Sleep [Sleep] 2017 Oct 01; Vol. 40 (10). - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- Study Objectives: Neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) is one of the many genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep dysfunction is highly prevalent in ASD, but has not been rigorously examined in ASD models. Here, we evaluated sleep/wake physiology and behavioral phenotypes of rats with genetic ablation of Nlgn3.<br />Methods: Male Nlgn3 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) rats were assessed using a test battery for ASD-related behaviors and also implanted with telemeters to record the electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram, body temperature, and locomotor activity. 24-h EEG recordings were analyzed for sleep/wake states and spectral composition.<br />Results: Nlgn3 KO rats were hyperactive, exhibited excessive chewing behavior, and had impaired prepulse inhibition to an auditory startle stimulus. KO rats also spent less time in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, more time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, exhibited elevated theta power (4-9 Hz) during wakefulness and REM, and elevated delta power (0.5-4 Hz) during NREM. Beta (12-30 Hz) power and gamma (30-50 Hz) power were suppressed across all vigilance states.<br />Conclusions: The sleep disruptions in Nlgn3 KO rats are consistent with observations of sleep disturbances in ASD patients. The EEG provides objective measures of brain function to complement rodent behavioral analyses and therefore may be a useful tool to study ASD.<br /> (© Sleep Research Society 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Autism Spectrum Disorder genetics
Body Temperature
Disease Models, Animal
Electroencephalography
Electromyography
Gene Knockout Techniques
Hyperkinesis genetics
Male
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rats, Transgenic
Reflex, Startle genetics
Reflex, Startle physiology
Sleep Wake Disorders genetics
Sleep, REM genetics
Wakefulness physiology
Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology
Brain Waves physiology
Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal genetics
Membrane Proteins genetics
Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics
Sleep Wake Disorders physiopathology
Sleep, REM physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1550-9109
- Volume :
- 40
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Sleep
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28958035
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx138