Analysis of changes in joint function and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and intervention effects of different drugs.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of drug therapy with cyclophosphamide and leflunomide on the joint function damage of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its regulatory effects on expression levels of programmed death receptor 1, Notch signaling pathway genes and interferon-inducible protein 10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients with SLE were randomly divided into two groups. They were treated with cyclophosphamide and leflunomide, respectively. The number of painful joints, joint tenderness index, joint swelling index and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of patients before and after treatment were evaluated, and the peripheral blood was collected from patients in the two groups; the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted.
Results: We observed that the number of painful joints, joint tenderness index and joint swelling index in cyclophosphamide group were decreased after treatment (p<0.05), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The number of painful joints, joint tenderness index and joint swelling index in leflunomide group were decreased after treatment (p<0.05), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The comparisons of changes in joint functions and erythrocyte sedimentation rates between cyclophosphamide group and leflunomide group after drug therapy showed that the curative effect in leflunomide group was superior to that in cyclophosphamide group (p<0.05). The positive expression rate of peripheral blood mononuclear cell Notch1 in leflunomide group after treatment was significantly decreased, and the curative effect was superior to that in cyclophosphamide group (p<0.05). The comparisons of changes in programmed death receptor 1 of lymphocytes and interferon-inducible protein 10 between cyclophosphamide group and leflunomide group after drug therapy showed that the curative effect in leflunomide group was superior to that in cyclophosphamide group (p<0.05). The comparison of positive expression rate of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between the two groups after treatment showed that the curative effect in leflunomide group was superior to that in cyclophosphamide group (p<0.05). There were positive correlations of the expression level of programmed death receptor 1 of peripheral blood lymphocytes in SLE patients with double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) and SLE disease activity index (p<0.05). There were positive correlations of the expression level of peripheral interferon-inducible protein 10 in SLE patients with ds-DNA and SLE disease activity index (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study proved that both leflunomide and cyclophosphamide have therapeutic effects on the joint functions and immune dysfunction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE patients; however, and the effect of leflunomide is better. There are positive correlations of SLE disease activity index with the Notch signaling pathway genes, programmed death receptor 1 and interferon-inducible protein 10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that these factors are related to the immune dysfunction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.