Observed and expected mortality in the German skin cancer screening pilot project SCREEN.

Objective The main purpose of skin cancer screening is melanoma mortality reduction. Before the implementation of nationwide German skin cancer screening, the pilot project SCREEN was conducted in Schleswig-Holstein in 2003-2004. We aimed to determine whether the pilot project had achieved a mortality reduction. Methods Using an incidence-based approach (patients with both melanoma diagnosis and death in 2003-2008), we compared the observed melanoma mortality of the SCREEN cohort to the melanoma mortality expected without screening in the general population of Saarland. Results The age- and sex-standardized melanoma mortality ratio (SMR) for 5.5 years of follow-up was 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.83). Conclusion Our results indicate reduced mortality in the SCREEN cohort. Several potential biases cannot be excluded, but most of them tend to inflate the SMR.