Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic vapo-enucleation of the prostate: Is it safe for patients on chronic oral anticoagulants and/or platelet aggregation inhibitors?

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of bipolar plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate (PKERP) for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients on oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy and/or platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAIs).
Patients and Methods: In all, 91 patients were recruited and underwent PKERP whilst they were receiving PAIs (aspirin, 56 patients; clopidogrel, three; aspirin and clopidogrel, 11). In all, 15 patients were receiving an OAC drug perioperatively, whilst another six patients were on dual PAIs and OACs. The primary outcomes were the perioperative morbidity and mortality rates. The secondary outcomes were functional outcomes including maximum urinary flow rate (Q _max ), International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), and post-void residual urine volume (PVR).
Results: The mean (SD) age of the patients was 65 (5.9) years, preoperative adenoma volume was 80.9 (30.4) mL, and the operative time was 67 (23) min. No patient developed serious perioperative cardiovascular complications. The mean (SD) duration of hospital stay was 1.79 (1) days and the postoperative catheterisation time was 1.14 (0.76) days. The mean (SD) haemoglobin drop was 0.74 (0.61) g/dL, blood transfusion rate was 2.2%, and the clot retention rate was 2.2%. The mean (SD) postoperative Q _max was 18.6 (4.37) mL/s as compared to 7.2 (3.2) mL/s preoperatively ( P  < 0.001), and the preoperative IPSS was reduced from 24.3 (6.1) to 5.7 (2.3) postoperatively ( P  < 0.05). Prostate volume measured by transrectal ultrasonography was significantly reduced from a mean (SD) of 80.9 (30.4) mL preoperatively to 29.5 (10.6) mL postoperatively ( P  < 0.001).
Conclusion: Minimally invasive PKERP may be considered as a safe and effective treatment option for managing patients with BPH receiving OAC/PAI drugs.