The apoptotic effect of midazolam on the salivary gland of rats and the reversal effect by pilocarpine.

To evaluate the apoptosis in parotid glands of rats treated with midazolam associated or not with pilocarpine, 60 Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups: control groups received saline solution for 30 days (S ₃₀ ) and 60 days (S ₆₀ ) and the other groups received pilocarpine for 60 days (P ₆₀ ), midazolam for 30 days (M ₃₀ ), midazolam for 30 days and 30 days of saline (M ₃₀ + S ₃₀ ), and finally midazolam for 30 days and 30 days of midazolam and pilocarpine (M ₃₀ + MP ₃₀ ). Histological sections were subjected to the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick and labeling technique. The number of positive and negative cells was quantified, calculating the apoptotic index. ANOVA at 2 criteria and Tukey's test were used. A greater apoptotic index was observed in the M ₃₀ (52.79 ± 9.01) and M ₃₀ + S ₃₀ (62.43 ± 8.52) groups when compared with the S ₃₀ (37.94 ± 5.94) and S ₆₀ (31.85 ± 9.18) groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no difference between M ₃₀ + MP ₃₀ (30.98 ± 6.19) and S60 (31.85 ± 9.18) groups regarding apoptotic index. Chronic administration of midazolam has been shown to increase the number of apoptotic cells in the parotid glands of rats. However, pilocarpine inhibited this effect, thus inhibiting the apoptosis.