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Mobile lincosamide resistance genes in staphylococci.
- Source :
-
Plasmid [Plasmid] 2018 Sep; Vol. 99, pp. 22-31. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jun 19. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Lincosamide resistance in staphylococci is based on the expression of a number of genes which specify three major resistance mechanisms: (i) enzymatic inactivation by lincosamide nucleotidyltransferases, (ii) ribosome protection by ABC-F proteins, and (iii) methylation of the ribosomal target sites in the 23S rRNA by Cfr or Erm methylases. So far, only two lnu genes, lnu(A) and lnu(B), which code for different types of lincosamide nucleotidyltransferases, have been found in staphylococci. The ABC-F proteins are encoded by genes of the vga, lsa and sal classes. The corresponding proteins exhibit ATP-binding domains, but lack transmembrane regions. So far, vga(A) genes - including the variant genes vga(A) <subscript>V</subscript> and vga(A) <subscript>LC</subscript> -, vga(C) genes and vga(E) genes - including the variant gene vga(E) <subscript>V</subscript> -, the lsa genes lsa(B) and lsa(E), as well as the sal(A) gene have been identified in staphylococci. The aforementioned genes, except lsa(B), confer resistance not only to lincosamides, but also to pleuromutilins and streptogramin A. The cfr and erm genes code for methylases which target the adenine residues at positions 2503 and 2048 in the 23S rRNA, respectively. While the cfr gene confers resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins and streptogramin A, the erm genes mediate resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B. Many of the aforementioned lincosamide resistance genes are located on either plasmids or transposons and as such, can easily be disseminated across strain, species, and genus boundaries. The co-location of other antimicrobial resistance genes on the same mobile genetic element facilitates co-selection and persistence of the lincosamide resistance genes under the selective pressure imposed by other antimicrobial agents.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects
Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use
Genes, Bacterial
Humans
Macrolides adverse effects
Macrolides therapeutic use
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S genetics
Staphylococcus drug effects
Staphylococcus pathogenicity
Streptogramin B adverse effects
Streptogramin B therapeutic use
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics
Lincosamides therapeutic use
Plasmids genetics
Staphylococcus genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1095-9890
- Volume :
- 99
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Plasmid
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29932965
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.06.002