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Emission control priority of PM 2.5 -bound heavy metals in different seasons: A comprehensive analysis from health risk perspective.
- Source :
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The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2018 Dec 10; Vol. 644, pp. 20-30. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 03. - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- Source-specific health risks of PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> -bound metals were analyzed for emission control by integrating source apportionment with health risk assessments of residents affected via inhalation pathways. A total of 218 daily PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> samples were collected in 2016 in the central urban district of Beijing, China. Analyses showed that the mean annual concentrations of total heavy metals (THMs) and PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> were 0.39 and 104.37 μg m <superscript>-3</superscript> , respectively. The heating season had significantly higher concentrations of THMs and PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> (0.61, 134 μg m <superscript>-3</superscript> ) than the non-heating season (0.27, 88.1 μg m <superscript>-3</superscript> ) (p < 0.05). Among all metals, arsenic had the largest incremental cancer risk of 7.04 × 10 <superscript>-6</superscript> . Six sources were identified by positive matrix factorization combined with conditional probability function and potential source contribution function analyses. The order of contribution to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> -bound metal concentrations was resuspended dust (61.0%), traffic emission (16.3%), Cu-related industry (14.1%), coal combustion (3.7%), Cr-related industry (3.4%), and fuel oil combustion (1.6%). During the heating season, the contribution of coal combustion decreased slightly, which may have been due to the countermeasure of substituting coal for gas or electric heat in 2016. However, in terms of cancer risk contribution, coal combustion was the top contributor in both heating (3.5 × 10 <superscript>-6</superscript> , 51.6%) and non-heating (2.7 × 10 <superscript>-6</superscript> , 59.6%) seasons due to high attributable contents of the toxic metals, As, Cd and Pb. The Cr-related and Cu-related industries were the next controlled sources in the heating and non-heating seasons, respectively. Thus, these sources should receive priority in the development of control measures.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1026
- Volume :
- 644
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Science of the total environment
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29980081
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.226