Impact of Epilepsy on Adolescents in a Rural Nigerian Community: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Epilepsy is associated with impaired physical, psychological and social functioning. Assessing its impact on these parameters is important to improving the wellbeing of those with the disorder.
Objective: To assess the impact of epilepsy on the physical, psychological and social status of adolescents in a rural community.
Methods: Adolescents with epilepsy (Subjects) were identified in a community house to house survey. Controls (adolescents without epilepsy) matched for age and sex were randomly selected from the community. Information obtained from the subjects, controls and their care givers using a structured questionnaire included: Age, Sex, Social Class, Knowledge of epilepsy, Characteristics of epilepsy, Treatment options utilized, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Body Mass Index (BMI), Academic performance and Epilepsy related problems.
Results: Eighteen subjects, 10.5/1000 of the adolescent (10-19 years) population, had epilepsy. The mean age was 16.7± 2.6 years and 16.3± 2.6 years for the subjects and controls respectively. Most of the subjects were males (83.3%). All the subjects had generalized epilepsy, were on traditional medication and none was on orthodox medical therapy. Occurrence of seizures, cost of accessing orthodox medical treatment and stigma were the major problems identified. Ingestion of traditional medication was the commonest modality for overcoming the major problems identified. Seven (38.8%) were underweight but it was not significant (p>0.05). Epilepsy was significantly associated with impaired HRQOL, academic performance and social relationships (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Epilepsy had a negative impact on the psychosocial and academic status of adolescents. It highlights the need to provide comprehensive adolescent health and social services in epilepsy management.