Kub5-Hera RPRD1B Deficiency Promotes "BRCAness" and Vulnerability to PARP Inhibition in BRCA-proficient Breast Cancers.

Purpose: Identification of novel strategies to expand the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA deficiency is of great interest in personalized medicine. Here, we investigated the unannotated role of Kub5-Hera ^RPRD1B (K-H) in homologous recombination (HR) repair and its potential clinical significance in targeted cancer therapy.
Experimental Design: Functional characterization of K-H alterations on HR repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) were assessed by targeted gene silencing, plasmid reporter assays, immunofluorescence, and Western blots. Cell survival with PARP inhibitors was evaluated through colony-forming assays and statistically analyzed for correlation with K-H expression in various BRCA1/2 nonmutated breast cancers. Gene expression microarray/qPCR analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments were used to investigate molecular mechanisms of action.
Results: K-H expression loss correlates with rucaparib LD ₅₀ values in a panel of BRCA1/2 nonmutated breast cancers. Mechanistically, K-H depletion promotes BRCAness , where extensive upregulation of PARP1 activity was required for the survival of breast cancer cells. PARP inhibition in these cells led to synthetic lethality that was rescued by wild-type K-H reexpression, but not by a mutant K-H (p.R106A) that weakly binds RNAPII. K-H mediates HR by facilitating recruitment of RNAPII to the promoter region of a critical DNA damage response and repair effector, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 ( CDK1 ).
Conclusions: Cancer cells with low K-H expression may have exploitable BRCAness properties that greatly expand the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA mutations. Our results suggest that aberrant K-H alterations may have vital translational implications in cellular responses/survival to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and personalized medicine.
(©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.)