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Long-term follow-up of a community sample of adolescents with frequent headaches.
- Source :
-
The journal of headache and pain [J Headache Pain] 2018 Sep 04; Vol. 19 (1), pp. 79. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 04. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background: Several outcome studies have reported on the short- and long-term effects of migraine in selected clinical samples of children and adolescents. However, current knowledge of the course, incidence, and outcome predictors of frequent headaches in early adolescents in community populations is limited, and little is known about the long-term effects. Headache remains untreated in most of these young people. Here we examined the course, incidence, and outcome predictors of frequent headaches (at least once a week) over the long term (14 years) using previously assessed data at the baseline and 1-year follow-up of early adolescents.<br />Methods: Out of an original sample of 2440 who participated in the first two assessments, a sample of 1266 participants (51.9% response rate) aged 26-28 years (mean = 27.2 years) completed an electronic questionnaire comprising questions about their headache frequency and duration at the long-term follow-up. These headache characteristics together with gender, age, parental divorce, number of friends, school absence, impairment of leisure-time activities and seeing friends, pain comorbidity, and emotional (in particular, depressive symptoms) and behavioral problems were analyzed.<br />Results: In these young people, 8.4% reported frequent headaches (at least once a week) at the extended follow-up, while 19% of the participants having such headaches at baseline again reported such levels with a negligible gender difference. Over the follow-up period, 7.4% had developed frequent headaches, and a higher percentage of females reported such headaches (11.3% in females, 1.5% in males). In a multivariate model, frequent headaches at the baseline, gender (worse prognosis in females), impairment of leisure-time activities and seeing friends, and higher level of depressive symptoms significantly predicted headache frequency at the long-term follow-up.<br />Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gender, greater social impairment, and comorbid depressive symptoms are important indicators for both the short- and long-term prognosis of frequent headaches in early adolescents in community populations.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Child
Comorbidity
Delivery of Health Care trends
Depression diagnosis
Depression epidemiology
Depression psychology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Headache diagnosis
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Norway epidemiology
Pain diagnosis
Pain epidemiology
Schools trends
Sex Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Adolescent Behavior psychology
Headache epidemiology
Headache psychology
Residence Characteristics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1129-2377
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The journal of headache and pain
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30182167
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0908-5