Does the Coexistence of Multiple Segmental Rib Fractures in Polytrauma Patients Presenting With "Major" Vertebral Fracture Affect Care and Acute Outcomes?

Objective: To determine whether operating on "major" vertebral fractures leads to premature abortion of surgery and/or other acute cardiopulmonary complications.
Design: Retrospective review.
Clinical Setting: Level 1 trauma center.
Patients/participants and Intervention: We retrospectively queried our institutional Trauma Rregistry for all cases presenting with concomitant rib fractures and surgically managed vertebral fractures.
Main Outcome Measurements: The main outcomes included the surgical outcome (aborted vs. successfully performed), total and Intensive Care Unit length of stay (LOS), adverse discharge, mortality, and functional outcomes.
Results: We found 57 cases with concomitant segmental rib fractures and surgically managed vertebral fractures. Seven patients (12%) received a rib fixation, of which 1 received before vertebral fixation and 6 after. Importantly, 4 vertebral fixation cases (7.02%) had to be aborted intraoperatively because of the inability to tolerate prone positioning for surgery. For case-control analysis, we performed propensity score matching to obtain matched controls, that is, cases of vertebral fixation but no rib fractures. On matched case-control analysis, patients with concomitant segmental rib fractures and vertebral fractures were found to have higher Intensive Care Unit LOS [median = 3 days (Inter-Quartile Range = 0-9) versus. 8.4 days, P = 0.003], whereas total LOS, frequency of complete, incomplete or functional spinal cord injury, discharge to rehab, and discharge to nursing home were found to be similar between the 2 groups.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that segmental rib fractures with concomitant vertebral fractures undergoing surgical treatment represent a subset of patients that may be at increased risk of intraoperative cardio-pulmonary complications and rib fixation before prone spine surgery for cases in which the neurological status is stable is reasonable.
Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.