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Analgesic effect of morphine and tramadol in standard toxicity assays in mice injected with venom of the snake Bothrops asper.
- Source :
-
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology [Toxicon] 2018 Nov; Vol. 154, pp. 35-41. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 27. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Routine laboratory animal tests necessary to assess the toxicity of snake venoms and the preclinical neutralizing ability of antivenoms and other inhibitory substances induce significant pain and distress. This has prompted initiatives to introduce the routine use of analgesia. In this study, the analgesic effect of morphine and tramadol was assessed in tests assessing the lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic and edema-forming activities of the venom of the viperid snake Bothrops asper. The Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) and mouse-exploration activity were used to assess pain and its inhibition by the analgesics. Results demonstrate that tests assessing lethality and myotoxicity induce higher levels of pain than assays quantifying hemorrhagic and edema-forming activities. Our observations also indicate that pretreatment of mice with both analgesics, at the doses used, were similarly effective in reducing the MGS magnitude and increase mouse-exploration activity after the administration of B. asper venom. Moreover, the analgesic effect of both drugs was more evident in the myotoxic and lethality assays. Combined with previous observations showing that these analgesics do not alter the extent of toxic effects induced by B. asper venom, our results strongly indicate that the use of analgesia (using either morphine or tramadol) should be considered in the routine assessment of venom toxicity and antivenom efficacy.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Edema chemically induced
Exploratory Behavior drug effects
Hemorrhage chemically induced
Locomotion drug effects
Mice
Pain chemically induced
Pain drug therapy
Pain Measurement drug effects
Toxicity Tests
Analgesics pharmacology
Bothrops
Crotalid Venoms toxicity
Morphine pharmacology
Tramadol pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-3150
- Volume :
- 154
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30268394
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.012