Published review of closed-system drug-transfer devices: Limitations and implications.

Competing Interests: DisclosuresDr. Polovich has received speaker fees and travel expenses in the past year from BD, a manufacturer of closed-system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs). She is a consultant to the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), but the comments in this article are her own and not those of USP. Ms. Power is an independent pharmacy consultant and member of the AJHP Editorial Board; in the past year, she has worked with Corvida Medical (Coralville, IA), a manufacturer of CSTDs. Ms. Power has presented programs sponsored by BD and ICU Medical, manufacturers of CSTDs, and attended Key Opinion Leader meetings sponsored by CSTD manufacturers CareFusion, Equashield, and Teva. Ms. Power is also an acknowledged coauthor of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health performance test protocol for CSTDs. Ms. Kienle is employed by Cardinal Health and is a member of the USP Compounding Expert Committee, but the comments in this article are her own and not those of USP or of her employer. The authors have declared no other potential conflicts of interest.