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Obtaining granular activated carbon from paper mill sludge - A challenge for application in the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater.
- Source :
-
The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2019 Feb 25; Vol. 653, pp. 393-400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 26. - Publication Year :
- 2019
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Abstract
- In this work, a granular activated carbon (GAC) was produced using primary paper mill sludge (PS) as raw material and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) as binder agent. PS is a residue from the pulp and paper industry and AL is a by-product of the cellulose pulp manufacture and the proposed production scheme contributes for their valorisation together with important savings in GAC precursors. The produced GAC (named PSA-PA) and a commercially available GAC (GACN), used as reference material, were physically and chemically characterized. Then, these materials were tested in batch experiments for the adsorption of carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and paroxetine (PAR) from ultra-pure water and wastewater. Even though GACN and PSA-PA possess very similar specific surface areas (S <subscript>BET</subscript> ) (629 and 671 m <superscript>2</superscript> g <superscript>-1</superscript> , respectively), PSA-PA displayed lower maximum adsorption capacities (q <subscript>m</subscript> ) than GACN for the pharmaceuticals here studied (6 ± 1-44 ± 5 mg g <superscript>-1</superscript> and 49 ± 6-106 ± 40 mg g <superscript>-1</superscript> , respectively). This may be related to the comparatively higher incidence of mesopores in GACN, which might have positively influenced its adsorptive performance. Moreover, the highest hydrophobic character and degree of aromaticity of GACN could also have contributed to its adsorption capacity. On the other hand, the performance of both GACs was significantly affected by the matrix in the case of CBZ and SMX, with lower q <subscript>m</subscript> in wastewater than in ultra-pure water. However, the adsorption of PAR was not affected by the matrix. Electrostatic interactions and pH effects might also have influenced the adsorption of the pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adsorption
Ammonium Compounds chemistry
Carbamazepine analysis
Industrial Waste
Lignin analogs & derivatives
Lignin chemistry
Paroxetine analysis
Printing
Sulfamethoxazole analysis
Charcoal chemistry
Sewage chemistry
Waste Disposal, Fluid methods
Wastewater analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1026
- Volume :
- 653
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Science of the total environment
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30412884
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.346