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Incentives and Patches for Medicaid Smokers: An RCT.
- Source :
-
American journal of preventive medicine [Am J Prev Med] 2018 Dec; Vol. 55 (6 Suppl 2), pp. S138-S147. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Introduction: Most successful trials of financial incentives for smoking cessation have offered large rewards contingent on outcomes. This study examines whether more modest incentives to encourage engagement, non-contingent on outcomes, also increase cessation; whether sending medications directly to participants boosts quitting; and whether these strategies are effective in Medicaid.<br />Study Design: Three-group RCT of usual care (UC); nicotine patch (NP); and NP and financial incentive (NP+FI).<br />Setting/participants: Medicaid beneficiaries calling the California Smokers' Helpline, 2012-2013 (N=3,816). Data were analyzed in 2017.<br />Intervention: All participants enrolled in evidence-based, multisession telephone counseling. All received proof of enrollment with which they could obtain free quitting aids at their pharmacy. NP and NP+FI also received nicotine patches sent to their homes. NP+FI received up to $60 for completing counseling calls.<br />Main Outcome Measures: Quit attempt rate, 7-day and 30-day abstinence at 2 and 7 months, and 6-month prolonged abstinence (primary outcome).<br />Results: In both complete-case and intention-to-treat analyses, outcomes trended upward from UC to NP to NP+FI. Differences between NP and UC were generally nonsignificant. By contrast, the NP+FI group significantly outperformed the other groups on all measures. In intention-to-treat analysis, compared with UC, NP+FI was more likely to make a quit attempt (68.4% vs 54.3%, p<0.001); be abstinent for 7 days at 2 months (36.1% vs 25.5%, p<0.001) and 7 months (21.2% vs 16.1%, p=0.002); be abstinent for 30 days at 2 months (30.0% vs 18.9%, p<0.001) and 7 months (21.5% vs 16.7%, p=0.004); and achieve 6-month prolonged abstinence (13.2% vs 9.0%, p=0.001).<br />Conclusions: Financial incentives increased treatment engagement and short- and long-term smoking cessation, despite being modest and non-contingent on outcomes. The study found that incentives can be effective in a Medicaid population, and can feasibly be integrated into existing quitline services.<br />Trial Registration: The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01502306.<br />Supplement Information: This article is part of a supplement entitled Advancing Smoking Cessation in California's Medicaid Population, which is sponsored by the California Department of Public Health.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Aged
California
Counseling methods
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Motivation
Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care statistics & numerical data
Patient Participation economics
Patient Participation psychology
Patient Participation statistics & numerical data
Smokers psychology
Smokers statistics & numerical data
Smoking adverse effects
Smoking psychology
Smoking Cessation economics
Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data
Telephone
United States
Young Adult
Medicaid economics
Reimbursement, Incentive economics
Smoking therapy
Smoking Cessation methods
Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-2607
- Volume :
- 55
- Issue :
- 6 Suppl 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of preventive medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30454668
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.015