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CXC family of chemokines as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and possible drug targets in colorectal cancer.
- Source :
-
World journal of gastroenterology [World J Gastroenterol] 2018 Nov 14; Vol. 24 (42), pp. 4738-4749. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women, worldwide. In the early stages of the disease, biomarkers predicting early relapse would improve survival rates. In metastatic patients, the use of predictive biomarkers could potentially result in more personalized treatments and better outcomes. The CXC family of chemokines (CXCL1 to 17) are small (8 to 10 kDa) secreted proteins that attract neutrophils and lymphocytes. These chemokines signal through chemokine receptors (CXCR) 1 to 8. Several studies have reported that these chemokines and receptors have a role in either the promotion or inhibition of cancer, depending on their capacity to suppress or stimulate the action of the immune system, respectively. In general terms, activation of the CXCR1/CXCR2 pathway or the CXCR4/CXCR7 pathway is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis; therefore, the specific inhibition of these receptors is a possible therapeutic strategy. On the other hand, the lesser known CXCR3 and CXCR5 axes are generally considered to be tumor suppressor signaling pathways, and their stimulation has been suggested as a way to fight cancer. These pathways have been studied in tumor tissues (using immunohistochemistry or measuring mRNA levels) or serum [using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) or multiplexing techniques], among other sample types. Common variants in genes encoding for the CXC chemokines have also been investigated as possible biomarkers of the disease. This review summarizes the most recent findings on the role of CXC chemokines and their receptors in CRC and discusses their possible value as prognostic or predictive biomarkers as well as the possibility of targeting them as a therapeutic strategy.<br />Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
- Subjects :
- Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology
Biomarkers, Tumor antagonists & inhibitors
Biomarkers, Tumor immunology
Chemokines, CXC antagonists & inhibitors
Chemokines, CXC immunology
Colorectal Neoplasms drug therapy
Colorectal Neoplasms immunology
Colorectal Neoplasms mortality
Humans
Prognosis
Receptors, CXCR antagonists & inhibitors
Receptors, CXCR immunology
Receptors, CXCR metabolism
Signal Transduction drug effects
Survival Rate
Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use
Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism
Chemokines, CXC metabolism
Colorectal Neoplasms pathology
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local diagnosis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2219-2840
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 42
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- World journal of gastroenterology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30479461
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i42.4738